How do you handle forms and validate user input in Vue?

Basic form handling uses v-model for two-way binding on inputs, with reactive state for validation errors:

<script setup>
import { ref, computed } from 'vue'

const email = ref('')
const error = computed(() => 
  email.value.includes('@') ? '' : 'Invalid email'
)
</script>

<template>
  <input v-model="email" @blur="touched = true" />
  <span v-if="touched && error">{{ error }}</span>
</template>

For complex forms (nested fields, async validation, schema-based rules), libraries like VeeValidate or @vueuse/core's form utilities, often paired with schema validators like Zod or Yup, are commonly used instead of hand-rolled logic.