What are Vue directives? Name some commonly used built-in ones

Directives are special template attributes prefixed with v- that apply reactive behavior to the DOM. Common built-in directives:

• v-bind (:) — bind an attribute/prop reactively
• v-on (@) — attach event listeners
• v-if / v-else-if / v-else — conditional rendering
• v-show — toggle visibility via CSS display
• v-for — list rendering
• v-model — two-way binding
• v-slot (#) — define named/scoped slots
• v-html — render raw HTML (use with caution — XSS risk)
• v-once — render once and skip future updates
• v-memo — memoize a template subtree based on dependencies